William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States. Mt McKinley, the tallest mountain in North America and located in the state of Alaska, received its name in honor of President McKinley. Shot by an anarchist 6 September 1901during his...
Even though Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom have created a surging trend of research and literature connected with irregular warfare, there is still inadequate study and appreciation of the United States commitment in the Philippines at the...
Through learning and enhanced capacity to learn faster than its adversaries, a military organization increases its chances for success within an increasing complex and chaotic environment. The complex and chaotic nature of military conflicts...
This study will look at how the U.S. deliberately used education as part of its counterinsurgency strategy in the Philippines to pacify anti-occupation violence and assimilate the archipelago under American governance. In doing so, this study...
This study examines the application of operational art during the conduct of the Spanish-American War. The evolution of the 'American Way of War' appears to follow a direct path from the concluding campaigns of the Civil War, through the two World...
The U.S. Army's involvement in the Philippine Archipelago 1898-1941 demonstrated the validity of the main tenants of current full spectrum operations (offensive, defensive, stability, and civil support operations), and the likelihood of more than...
Today, as the US military prepares units for conflicts abroad and deploys forces overseas, it is instructive to examine how the Army coped with similar challenges in the late 19th century. This study analyzes efforts during the Spanish-American War...
The National Guard's origins trace back to the militia of the first settlements in America. Since its inception in 1636, the National Guard has played vital role in the nation's defense from the Revolutionary War to the most recent conflicts in...
Whether a success or a failure, a counterinsurgency is always influenced by a mixture of politics, the media, and public opinion. The United States was involved in a successful counterinsurgency during 1898-1902. I will attempt to reveal how the...
The United States today finds itself in an era of persistent irregular conflict, the root cause of which may be illegitimate governance within failed or failing states. The resulting instability will likely require future U.S. military and civilian...
The federal volunteer regiments that fought in the Philippine insurgency from 1899 to 1901 were the product of intense political infighting, negotiation and compromise at the highest levels of the American government. Oddities among military units,...
The United States entered the Spanish American War almost three years after the war's beginning. Ultimately, the war liberated Cuba from Spain and the US proved its newly found war-fighting capabilities.
Historians have given several accounts on...
Leonard Wood served as a Military Governor in Cuba from 1898 (Santiago) and 1899 to 1902, later as the Military Governor of the Moro Province in the Philippines from 1903 to 1906, and eventually as Governor General for the Philippines until his...
The United States is using lessons learned from fighting insurgents in the Philippines to fighting insurgents in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Experts say that history does not repeat itself, but it does experience similarities, which allow us to learn...
The Army is under stress from repeated deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan and is limited to ten AC division HQ to fill operational command and control missions. Nine of the ten AC division HQ have had a total of 30 deployments between September...
U.S. Army commanders seek to balance the requirements to conduct offensive, defensive and stability operations simultaneously. Within this framework, commanders have also had to balance the conduct of traditional military actions and non-military...
Both the National Security Strategy and the National Defense Strategy recently recognized that insurgency is causing an increased threat to the security of the world. This recognition combined with the fact that the military’s counterinsurgency...
Latson, Alton; Ashford, Anthony; Doo, Byron; Groce, David; Lake, Robert
Thesis: The massacre of U.S. troops at Balangiga caused the retaliation at Samar. Discussion: After the American military forces freed the Philippine Islands from the rule of Spain, the American government implemented a benevolent policy of...
Bunting, Steven A.; Dallas, Joseph M.; Melvin, Darryl; Henry, John F.; Gault, Douglas R.
Since it is the ultimate objective in war to force our enemies to submit to our will, any endeavor that involves the application of force toward some national purpose deserves a carefully thought out strategy. Counterinsurgencies are no exception...