Throughout history, terrorist organizations have attacked nation-states using increasingly more sophisticated methods of destruction. The attacks on 11 September 2001, demonstrated a higher level of commitment by state and non-state actors to...
Following the period from 1957-1960, when most countries in West Africa broke loose from colonialism and became independent, the need for an integrated and classless society was one of paramount concern to most, if not all, West Africans. Up to...
What kind of policy can the United States and the international community pursue that increases the likelihood that stability emerges in failed and failing states? I develop a theory of state-building to guide decision makers. The theory states...
As geographic neighbors, the United States and Mexico have experienced varying tension ever since each country was colonized, gained independence, and solidified its boundaries. Between the American Civil War and World War I, the U.S. Army...
The West African subregion is host to strings of violent armed conflicts. These conflicts result in enormous human tragedy and account for the economic and societal deprivation that continues to plague the subregion while also stifling its...
When the Republic of Indonesia declared itself independent from the Netherlands on 17 August 1945, the Dutch leaders did not accept this and tried to restore colonial authority. This led to a four-year conflict between the Netherlands and the...
The U.S. National Security Strategy states that peaceful resolution of the Korean conflict with a non-nuclear, reunified peninsula will enhance stability in the East Asian region and is clearly in the strategic interest of the United States. The...
Powerful nations often find themselves physically and geographically embroiled in the affairs of other nations in the form of empires, protectorate treaties, military occupations, and peacekeeping and stability operations. Generally speaking, they...
The Caucasus is developing into a vital strategic region. It emerged from the Soviet Union’s shadow in 1991 and spawned wild oil and gas speculation, and U.S. policy makers developed relationships with the region’s countries as it matured....
The purpose of this monograph is to examine the effect that military interventions have on the outcome of an internal conflict. This study employs quantitative analysis to examine interventions on the side of the government by unitary actors and...
For instructors of foreign students; gives a brief background of the countries represented by guest students. Covers Canada, Iceland, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador,...
Volume I of II, this volume provides in abbreviated form socio-cultural, economic, political and historical background material for a study of the Islamic World from the time of Muhammad to the eve of the first World war. It sets the stage for a...
This paper analyzes the Mahdist Revolution in the Sudan from 1881 to 1885. Mohammed Ahmed bin Abdallah proclaimed himself the Mahdi (the expected one or the deliverer in the Islamic faith), and fought the colonial Egyptian government of the Sudan...
An Army Outgunned: Physics Demands a New Basic Combat Weapon. Joseph P. Avery, Ph.D.; Army, Marine Corps, and special operations forces M16s fire NATO 5.56x45 millimeter rounds over a half-century old. The services should adopt a more robust...
Enable from overwatch: MNF-Iraq. General Raymond T. Odierno, U.S. Army; The MNF-Iraq commander's operating guidance emphasizes "how we think," "how we operate," and "who we are."
The strategy of protracted people's war: Uganda. Yoweri...
The question is asked “Should military professionals take time out of their busy schedules to study military history?” The answer to this is implied by George Santayana who wrote “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it...
Throughout history military commanders have used different techniques to obtain actionable intelligence to ensure mission success. During the Philippines War (1899-1902) United States policies of attraction and chastisement lead to direct...
The military and governments that represent nations continually fail to understand the cultural differences between them and the nation they are at war with. Understanding a country’s culture could be the determining factor whether the conquering...
The encroachment of state borders in the name of conflict intervention in the post-cold war era is becoming increasingly common as first world nations’ seek to cease the suffering imposed because of war. Arguably, any such intrusion under a...
Six years after the fall of Saigon, South Vietnam, the effects of the Domino Theory appeared to have unfolded. Communist and nationalist movements had defeated American allies in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Then, in 1979, Nicaragua fell to...