The international community intervened repeatedly in Somalia since the central government fell in 1991. These interventions failed to produce a stable, elected government. Instead, over the last 20 years Somalis faced famine, terrorism, sexual...
Current conditions in Somalia create difficult challenges for the United States. To address ungoverned spaces in the failed state of Somalia, the United States appears to seek multilateral solutions to piracy in the Gulf of Aden, and displays an...
The end of the Cold War brought a period of prosperity with expectations for peace, broken by a new kind of small and protracted conflicts. Western powers, freed from the former threat, were eager to commit military units in peace operations. The...
This monograph examines the question of what will happen on the Korean peninsula if North Korea collapses without a fight. In 1996 the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) appears to be on the verge of disintegration due in large part to...
This monograph explores the problem of mission creep. The trend toward ethnic and regional unrest has characterized the world security environment since the breakup of the former Soviet Union. The United States has struggled to find its place in...
Somalia has been without a central government since 1991, resulting in the total collapse of state institutions. There have been several interventions by the United States, United Nations, African Union and other agencies to answer the security...
Gulf War images of oil soaked birds and burning oil wells continue to generate academic research on the environment as both a victim and a weapon of war. The resulting literature has sensitized policy makers and military leaders to the...
Leonard Wood served as a Military Governor in Cuba from 1898 (Santiago) and 1899 to 1902, later as the Military Governor of the Moro Province in the Philippines from 1903 to 1906, and eventually as Governor General for the Philippines until his...
The United States Air Force (USAF) dedicates aircraft, crews, and ground personnel to deliver humanitarian assistance (HA) when and where it is needed. Occasionally this entails penetrating hostile airspace, and these cases are not unique or...
The American Civil War was a cornerstone event for the Irish in America. Their participation proved their duty to Union and Confederate causes, increased their acceptance in American society, and hastened assimilation. While the Irish participation...
This monograph delves into the Bolshevik campaign to liquidate the Basmachi Resistance in the Ferghana Valley Section of Central Asia. The Bolsheviks employed a precursor to the modern day D.I.M.E construct in order to overcome early policy...
This paper describes the mission and some personal lessons learned during my deployment to
Mogadishu, Somalia, during Operation Restore Hope/Continue Hope. When possible, I explain the small but significant role my S-1 section played, but overall...
Army warfighting doctrine clearly delineates the definition, scope, and components of protection for application on the battlefield; however, the Army's Operations Other Than War (OOTW) doctrine does not provide similar clarity for the concept in...
The U.S. National Security Strategy states that peaceful resolution of the Korean conflict with a non-nuclear, reunified peninsula will enhance stability in the East Asian region and is clearly in the strategic interest of the United States. The...
This monograph is designed to demonstrate the complexity of developing, coordinating and executing a time sensitive, crisis situation campaign under Military Operations Other Than War conditions. Campaign plans are developed to provide a sequential...
This study investigates the policy decision of whether or not to disarm the various Somali clan factions during Operation Restore Hope (December 1992 - May 1993). With reference to the Command and General Staff College supplement to the model of...
Staff Class, Department of Military Art, Army Service Schools
Consists of a series of papers written by various members of the staff class in the Army Staff College course in historical research for a conference dated 30 March 1915. Topics include food problems in England, Belgium, France, and Germany,...
Howell, Peter D.; Thomas (Guyana), Dwayne S.; Johnson, Harold; Lemke, Richard B.; Artis, Lekeith L.; Kinder, Darrin A.
As a result of the United Nation’s ineffective leadership in peacekeeping operations, the United States frequently assumes the lead role in establishing security, stability, humanitarian aid, and protecting human rights around the globe. With the...
The United States Army has a long tradition of humanitarian relief. No such operation has proven as costly or shocking, however, as that undertaken in Somalia from August 1992 to March 1994. Greeted initially by Somalis happy to be saved from...
This monograph investigates the reasons for the lack of coordination and combined effort between political leadership, military engagement and humanitarian activity during a humanitarian intervention. It analyses basic principles to successfully...