The purpose of this monograph was to answer the research question: How can the Army educate the media in operational matters and what benefits might develop from such enhancement? Three areas provided data for this research: historical examination...
The embedded reporter program in Operation Iraqi Freedom was a huge undertaking, requiring extensive planning and coordination to organize and implement. The Department of Defense (DOD) invested much time and resources to help give the media...
Wartime correspondents are a valid and critical aspect to obtaining the overall picture of war and military conflicts. This paper examined the roles of embedded and unilateral reporters during wartime and answers the two questions; how do the media...
Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, and his Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, Mrs. Victoria Clarke, initiated the embedded news media program. The intent was for the public to see directly through the media what happened at the...
This study is an analysis of historical factors which form the basis for past U.S. wartime press censorship by the U.S. armed forces and the significance these factors have on future U.S. military operations. These factors are: the relative success...
The media covered the war in the Gulf. Every press conference was monitored in Washington, Riyadh, and Baghdad. The free press is guaranteed by the Constitution the Armed Forces swear to uphold and defend. The press is also a business that both...
Media operations are vital components of the information operations fight. This newsletter explores the role media operations play on the modern battlefield, enumerating battle-tested and proven public affairs training guidance tactics, techniques,...
Understanding and leveraging the media has become critical for operational level commanders conducting urban combat operations. The insatiable public appetite for information has created conditions where tactical actions can have severe strategic...
In an effort to explain how the military can better engage the media, this paper provides insights to the question, “How can the U.S. military proactively engage the domestic media in the planning and execution of military operations?” By...
The media influence ongoing and future military operations by functioning as a sort of filter (or "ether ") within the Clausewitzian Trinity, which coalesces the military, the people (public), and the government (policy makers). The relationship...
This monograph analyzes whether the joint/combined information bureau is credible and properly resourced. First, Vietnam is analyzed as an historical example to examine the public information policies that were followed to enhance credibility and...
This paper will attempt to address the ethical dilemma that the U.S. Army faces with regard to embedded journalists. America's Global War on Terrorism has been brought into the homes of everyone in the world with access to either the internet or...
This study investigates the effects of public affairs policy changes on the military and media relationship during Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, the Military Advisory Command, Vietnam failed to follow US Army doctrine and regulations in dealing...
More than 500 journalists, photographers and news crews, producing more than 6,000 stories a day, were embedded with U.S. military units during Operation Iraqi Freedom. The embedding process allowed news reporters to get an unparalleled view of...
Numerous contemporary political and military observers have suggested that there are profound problems in contemporary American civil-military relations. Some have even suggested that there is in fact a 'crisis' in civil-military relations. Base...
What could have made the Military Police (MP) and Marine Security Guard (MSG) response more effective, averting negative media coverage and public opinion? The Tet Offensive has been widely acknowledged as the turning point of the United States...
This study examines the evolution of the public affairs function within the United States federal government. The study examines in detail the development of public affairs within the Department of Defense from the time of the National Security Act...
This monograph examines the operational deception plan used in Operation Desert Storm from 17 January to 28 February 1991 in relation to U.S. Army deception doctrine. Using the deception plan from Operation Overlord in World War II to illustrate...
The major purpose of this study was to determine if the Department of Defense Combat Coverage Principles were valid and sufficient to meet the demands of both the media and the military in future conflicts. This study also examined the evolution of...
This study chronicles and evaluates the evolution of military-media relations to determine whether the Persian Gulf War public affairs policies were a compromise between Vietnam and Grenada policy experiences. It provides new insights into the...